History of Texas Laced with Militarism

Despite their brutality, Michener (1985, p. 739) supports Texas' efforts against the Apache and Comanche, "No noncitizen ignorant of the bloody register of the 1850 to 1875 frontier, with its endless massacres and hideous tortures, has a right to condemn the Texas settlers for the manner in which they responded."

The Mexican contend resulted as Texas' decade of being an independent Republic locomote to a close. Policies under Lamar and the quest for annexation with the United States would serving foment the Mexican War. Houston tried to avoid the contend unless Mexican armies began to invade Texas. Houston requested aid from the world's powers, including the U.S., Great Britain and France, to " lease of Mexico either the recognition of the Independence of Texas, or to make war upon her according to the rules established and universally recognized by cultured nations," (Richardson, et al., 2005, p. 131). The Nueces boundary was a major geographic location in the Mexican War. Texas' republic had determined the Rio Grande as the boundary among Mexico and Texas. When the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending the War, was signed in 1848, Mexico "accepted the Rio Grande" as the boundary, (Richardson, et al., 2005, p. 147).

The Civil War is perhaps the war most disconfirming to Texas of any discussed herein. Exposed to attack from the north, west, and south, Texas also tried to get along control of a port on the G

ulf of California in order to "control the deluxe and silver mines of the West," (Richardson, et al., 2005, p. 199). Defending the Texas coast was more successful than this ship but eventually the Confed timete troops would surrender and the mating armies were declared victorious. Texas' revenues were sorely depleted in the War, the first of this era it lost outright. Nevertheless, one sees that the story of Texas during this era is the history of militarism as much as any other aspect of society.

The history of the Civil Rights Movement in Texas from the 1940s to the present stems from profoundly ingrained views on women, Mexicans and blacks in the state's culture. Michener (1985, 741) refers to this history by describing the professor named after Marcus Garvey who maintains "Texans found no difficulty in accept both halves of this ante-bellum legend: that the same slave was deliriously happy, save thirsting to massacre his master." Such attitudes toward Mexicans, blacks and even women would continue in the 20th century, when Texas Governor John Connelly opposed the passage of the Civil Rights Act.

Michener, J. A. (1985). Texas: A novel. New York: Random House.

Richardson, R. N., Anderson, A., Wintz, C. D., & Wallace, E. (2005). Upper Saddle River, NJ: assimilator Hall.

Richardson, R. N., Anderson, A., Wintz, C. D., & Wallace, E. (2005). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

While the history of Civil Rights Movements in Texas followed along the lines of the national movement, there was lots less violence of significance in T
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