management

· Management as knowledge
· Management as Art
As a Science
Science has been defined as a form of systematised knowledge,
which workes a relationship between cause and effect. Such
systematised knowledge contains concepts, hypotheses,
theories, experimentation and principles. unmingled knowledge or
collection of facts is not science. The knowledge so gathered
should be verifiable. A subject to be accept as a science
should have the followers features:
i. It should have a systematic body of knowledge.
ii. It should have a scientific method for observation.
iii. Its principles should have been evolved on the basis of
continued observation.
iv. Its principles should have universal applicability.
v. Its principles should be verifiable.
vi. Its principles should establish cause and effect relationship.
Now management has been given the excogitate of an organized
body of knowledge. Its study helps in gaining a rational
approach to the tuition of means for accomplishing
certain goals. That is why, management is called a Science.
Although management has been recognized as a science, it is
not exact like the biological and physical sciences. It falls in the
area of Social Science as it is a social process and deals with
complex human beings.




The theories and principles of management are situation
bound. It may produce different results in different situations.
That is why Ernest Dale has called management a Soft
Science.
As an Art
Art may be defined as the proficiency of applying the
principles to actual practice so as to achieve the desired
results with efficiency. It is relate with the application of
knowledge and skills. If science is learnt, an art is practiced.
Thus, an art has the following features:
i. It demotes personal skills.
ii. It signifies practical knowledge.
iii. It helps in achieving concrete results.
iv. It is creative in nature.
The principles and techniques of management when applied in
the organization to...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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